In arabic the area was called al jazirah or the island it has also been known as the fertile crescent. Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization because it was the first region to have civilization.
The Cradle Of Civilization Article Khan Academy
There were however three elements that unified their cultures.

Why is mesopotamia called the cradle of civilization. A cradle of civilization is a location where civilization is understood to have emerged. Mesopotamia is generally credited with being the first place where civilized societies truly began to take shape. The advancement of agriculture would allow the spread of non nomadic people who didnt move around.
Agriculture was established around 8000 bc. Gonur depe a vast city of about 1000 square miles located in present day turkmenistan has re emerged from a forgotten pastthese people farmed built irrigation canals and palaces and are believed to have traded with people as far away as egypt source. If mesopotamia wasnt the beginnings of civilization then what was.
People around the world had been developing the groundwork for civilization for millennia. Mesopotamia was home to a diversity of cultures rather than a unified society like the greeks or egyptians. Current thinking is that there was no single cradle but several civilizations that developed independently with the fertile crescent ancient egypt mesopotamia ancient india and ancient china understood to be the earliest.
Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization because this is where the domestication of plants and animals started to take place which created a food surplus that allowed people to develop new skills and trades that led to the development of civilization. Greece is called the cradle of democracy because it was one of the first places to have. Mesopotamia the area between the tigris and euphrates rivers in modern day iraq is often referred to as the cradle of civilization because it is the first place where complex urban centers grew.
The word mesopotamia comes from the greek and means between two rivers since it lay between the tigris and euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia was the cradle of civilization because it was the first location of agriculture. Many different empires and civilizations came from the region.
There are several candidates.
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